The 24-year-old joined the Blues in the summer of 2024 and made 36 appearances over the previous two seasons.
New Strasbourg manager Hugo Oliveira allegedly wanted a ball-playing goalkeeper after Mike Penders returned to Stamford Bridge following his loan with the French Ligue 1 side.
The move is a good example of how the two clubs, both part of the Clearlake-Boehly ownership group known as BlueCo, work to develop players.
Jorgensen was a key member of the Chelsea side that lifted the UEFA Conference League in May 2025, starting all but one game in the competition. The Denmark international became a Club World Cup winner later that summer.
Jorgensen featured 12 times last season across four different competitions.